Structure and Functions of RNA
RNA is a long, unbranched macromolecule (structure) made up of nucleotides connected by 3′ → 5′ phosphodiester bonds, present in […]
Structural Forms of DNA
DNA can adopt different three-dimensional structures and is a flexible molecule and A , B and Z are major structural
Structure and Functions of DNA
DNA is a long, linear polymer composed of four types of deoxyribonucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine
Nucleic acids; Types, Components and Function
Nucleic acids are biopolymers made up of mononucleotides, which form their repeating units, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
Lipids; Classification and Biological Significance
Lipids are organic compounds primarily made up of alcohol and fatty acids, bonded through ester linkages, usually insoluble in water
Protein; Properties, Structure, Classification and Functions
Proteins are macromolecules made up of monomers of amino acids. Each amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl
Amino Acids; Properties, Classification and Significance
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are nitrogen-containing compound with an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), a basic
Carbohydrates; Properties, Types and Significance
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or compounds that produce these structures upon hydrolysis, with the general formula (CH₂O)n. They
Nitrogen Cycle; Meaning, Stages and Significance
Nitrogen Cycle; Definition and Meaning Nitrogen Cycle; Stages Nitrogen conversion occurs through both biological and physical processes. Key steps involve
Reproduction in Pteridophytes
Although Pteridophytes commonly reproduces through vegetative means, reproduction through spores is the main mode of reproduction in Pteridophytes. Vegetative Reproduction
Pteridophytes; Characteristics and Habitat
Introduction Pteridophytes are a group of seedless, spore-producing vascular plants that have successfully adapted to life on land (first true
Reproduction in Algae and Their Life Cycle
Reproduction in algae occurs by vegetative method (fission, fragmentation, hormogonia, amylum stars budding etc.), asexual method (akinete, zoospores, aplanospores, exospores